CBD has been all the rage in recent years, especially after the 2018 Farm Bill federally legalized hemp. But what exactly is CBD, and how does it differ from other compounds in the cannabis plant? Let’s break it down.
Hemp vs. Marijuana: Key Differences
Hemp and marijuana both belong to the genus Cannabis, but they are distinct in their composition:
Hemp is known for its higher levels of CBD and minimal THC (less than 0.3%).
Marijuana contains significantly higher levels of THC, the psychoactive compound responsible for producing a "high."
While hemp-derived CBD has gained popularity for its potential wellness benefits, the current market is largely unregulated, especially for animal products. Unlike pharmaceuticals, CBD pet products require no testing before hitting shelves. This leaves pet owners vulnerable to misleading marketing and potentially unsafe products.
How to Choose a Safe CBD Product
Being an educated consumer is key. If you’re considering CBD for your pet, here are a few critical questions to ask:
Where is the hemp grown? Hemp grown in reputable regions with strict agricultural practices is less likely to contain harmful contaminants.
Is the testing laboratory ISO certified? ISO certification ensures the lab meets international standards for accuracy and reliability.
Does the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) include “freedom from” testing? Look for testing that confirms the product is free from heavy metals, pesticides, and solvents.
These questions aren’t just good practice—they should be the industry standard. Until proper regulations are in place, it’s up to pet owners to ensure the products they’re using are safe and effective.
THC Toxicity in Animals
While CBD is generally safe, THC toxicity is a real concern for pets. Animal endocannabinoid systems are extremely sensitive, and their smaller size means their tolerance for THC is much lower than that of humans. THC toxicity is one of the most common reasons pets end up in veterinary emergency rooms across the U.S.
Common Symptoms of THC Toxicity:
Dilated pupils
Bradycardia (slow heart rate) or tachycardia (fast heart rate)
Lethargy
Lack of balance or coordination
Incontinence
Dehydration
Dogs may appear to “nod off” or sway, and they might have an exaggerated startled response to stimuli.
The Role of Xylitol
THC toxicity is often coupled with xylitol toxicity, as xylitol—a sugar substitute toxic to dogs—is commonly found in edibles like chocolates and gummies. If a dog ingests xylitol, immediate veterinary attention is crucial. Treatment may include:
Inducing vomiting
Administering activated charcoal
Fluid therapy and hospitalization
THC intoxication isn’t limited to edibles. Dogs can also be exposed to partially smoked joints, bong water, cheesecloth, pipes, or ashtrays. Keeping these items out of reach is essential to protect your pet.
Include Your Veterinarian in the Conversation
When it comes to cannabis, knowledge is power. Always include your veterinarian in discussions about CBD or cannabis use for your pet. Together, you can make informed decisions to ensure your furry friend stays safe and healthy.